What is PIVE?
The Poverty Impact and Vulnerability Estimator (PIVE) tool aggregates multiple useful big data sources to assess the granular vulnerability of low-income informal settlements through mapping and data analysis. The objective is to develop a robust tool for poverty monitoring and vulnerability estimation at a metropolitan scale. The innovative project proposition is the formulation of high-resolution analysis using multiple data sources.
PIVE systematically collates, quantifies, and analyzes a wide range of data sources, ranging from mobile data and satellite images (at the metropolitan scale) to field survey applications and social networking service (SNS) applications (chatbots) and other means of data collection at the community level. PIVE tools are meant to augment the inclusiveness of urban planning and disaster relief processes at a local and metropolitan scale, generating more accurate data on poor and vulnerable populations. The PIVE tool aims to contribute to Designing Inclusive Cities with Data-Informed Tools and enabling stakeholder participation in data-informed decisions.
Using a retrospective dataset, PIVE can quantitatively evaluate the impact of intervention by various stakeholders, for instance, the effectiveness of policy changes or community support activities. Based on these results, future policy and program design (by public authorities) and support activities (by NPOs, NGOs, and others) could be improved. PIVE Visualizations (maps and dashboards) are delivered in easy-to-understand formats. Thus, it is possible to communicate the findings to a wide range of stakeholders, resulting in more effective outreach, awareness-raising, and sharing of challenges and risk advisories.
Satellite imagery and other data such as GPS data, are available in all countries, and much of the data is free and open to use. Adding to this base layer, smartphone-based surveys and crowdsourcing data can be used to draw insights into trends. The Philippines is a vast country formed by 7641 islands, and the three telecom network operators provide coverage in 95% of the country's territory. A sizable number of informal settlements are located in disaster impact zones, adding to their vulnerability. The proposed technology solution, PIVE, can prove instrumental in disaster preparedness, social protection, and basic infrastructure provision for vulnerable populations.
Satellite Imagery
Our study focuses on the detection of new settlements in the selected regions of Greater Baguio and Metro Manila using satellite data from various sources, including PlanetScope, Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2, covering a specific timeframe ranging from 2018 to 2022.
Field Survey
Field surveys can provide more frequent and timely updates about indicators related to the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) of the Philippines Statistics Authority (PSA). While CBMS is conducted every few years, the field survey app can be used more frequently, such as every three months or before and after a calamity, to assess the level of resources in communities.field surveys can provide more frequent and timely updates about indicators related to the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) of the Philippines Statistics Authority (PSA).
Mobile GPS data
GPS trajectory data are used to visualize people's movement within the city region and the barangay itself. Therefore, GPS enables micro-level visualizations. Using the proven people-flow analysis technology, an intra-barangay and inter-barangay mobility visualization may give insights into the selected locations' living and movement patterns. An insight into the mobility and migration patterns of the poor may help answer several questions for poverty alleviation.
Chatbot
Chatbots can interact in natural language at any given time. In disaster emergencies and unusual, the local authority needs to handle several requests and respond quickly. In addition to crowdsourcing surveys, we propose a chatbot service called PIVEBOT chatbot that can initiate dialogues and gather information from users in the form of text, and images. The service can be made available across messaging platforms such as Facebook Messenger and SMS. These Chatbots will act as a medium for the residents and the government organisations, for disaster related support.
Use Cases Development
1
Disaster Preparedness
US 1-1 Identification of Population in Highly Disaster-Prone Areas
Users: LGU, NGO/NPO, DILG and others
​
Users want to identify the population living in highly disaster-prone areas. Users may want to see a map of informal settlements, population distribution maps, flood-prone area maps, and road network maps (to extract areas that can be easily isolated from flooding, etc.). Users may want to identify important regional functional facilities like hospitals, fire stations, police, power supply, and transportation facilities. This will be achieved by using satellite data, topography data, and hazard maps to quantify the number of households living in high-risk areas. By understanding the population density in these areas, we (NPO/GOV) can plan and implement appropriate disaster preparedness measures to reduce the impact on vulnerable communities.
​
US 1-2 Assessing Accessibility of Essential Services of Vulnerable Population
Users: LGU, PSA, NGO/NPO, DILG, NOAH, PHIVOLCS and others
​
Users want to assess the accessibility of essential services to vulnerable populations living in high-risk areas. This will be achieved by using satellite data, road network data, and hazard maps, if necessary, by complementing with field surveys. Users want to understand the availability and accessibility of essential services, such as safe houses, medical aid, emergency foods, and transport networks for evacuation, to plan and implement disaster preparedness measures that meet the needs of these communities.
​
US 1-3 Utilizing Chatbots for effective communication for enhancing disaster preparedness information dissemination
Users: LGU, NGO/NPO and others
​
Users want to communicate with people (e.g. vulnerable people in disaster-risk areas) by delivering information about necessary actions for disaster preparedness. By using Chatbots and SNS, users want to provide timely and accurate information to individuals, which will help them understand the importance of disaster preparedness, necessary preparations, and what they need to do to stay safe.
​
2
Socio-economic mapping
US 2-1 Help collect complementary data for SDGs indicators
Users: PSA, Development Banks and others
​
Users collect complementary data for Poverty Indicators at the national context so that they align with SDG Indicator framework for poverty and vulnerability.
​
3
Amidst-disaster and post-disaster relief support
US 3-1 Engaging disaster-affected individuals
Users: LGU, PSA, NGO/NPO, DILG, NOAH, PHIVOLCS and others
​
Users initiate conversations with individuals that may be affected by disasters, so that Users access their current situation by receiving information from them in various formats such as text, picture, and location. This will enable users to better understand the type of issues/damages individuals face and formulate a plan to deliver necessary support.
​
1
Disaster Preparedness
US 1-1 Identification of Population in Highly Disaster-Prone Areas
Users: LGU, NGO/NPO, DILG and others
​
Users want to identify the population living in highly disaster-prone areas. Users may want to see a map of informal settlements, population distribution maps, flood-prone area maps, and road network maps (to extract areas that can be easily isolated from flooding, etc.). Users may want to identify important regional functional facilities like hospitals, fire stations, police, power supply, and transportation facilities. This will be achieved by using satellite data, topography data, and hazard maps to quantify the number of households living in high-risk areas. By understanding the population density in these areas, we (NPO/GOV) can plan and implement appropriate disaster preparedness measures to reduce the impact on vulnerable communities.
​
US 1-2 Assessing Accessibility of Essential Services of Vulnerable Population
Users: LGU, PSA, NGO/NPO, DILG, NOAH, PHIVOLCS and others
​
Users want to assess the accessibility of essential services to vulnerable populations living in high-risk areas. This will be achieved by using satellite data, road network data, and hazard maps, if necessary, by complementing with field surveys. Users want to understand the availability and accessibility of essential services, such as safe houses, medical aid, emergency foods, and transport networks for evacuation, to plan and implement disaster preparedness measures that meet the needs of these communities.
​
US 1-3 Utilizing Chatbots for effective communication for enhancing disaster preparedness information dissemination
Users: LGU, NGO/NPO and others
​
Users want to communicate with people (e.g. vulnerable people in disaster-risk areas) by delivering information about necessary actions for disaster preparedness. By using Chatbots and SNS, users want to provide timely and accurate information to individuals, which will help them understand the importance of disaster preparedness, necessary preparations, and what they need to do to stay safe.
​
2
Socio-economic mapping
US 2-1 Help collect complementary data for SDGs indicators
Users: PSA, Development Banks and others
​
Users collect complementary data for Poverty Indicators at the national context so that they align with SDG Indicator framework for poverty and vulnerability.
​
US 2-2 Complementary data collection for finer granularity poverty data
Users: LGU, PSA, NGO/NPO, Development Banks, DILG and others
​
Users collect poverty and socio-economic status of people at finer granularity level in specified areas. Users visualize poverty data on specified area or group at much finer level.
​
US 2-3 Collect Data to Identify local community want at municipality level
Users: LGU, PSA, NGO/NPO, Development Banks, DILG, NOAH and others
​
Users identify what local community want from integrated objective data and subjective data like questionnaire to them. (e.g.mobility accessibility, household income level, health and medical care, education accessibility, sanitation conditions, and infrastructure condition). Users identity what kind of essential services is necessary(e.g. new infrastructure and public services that are tailored to the needs of the low-income population)
​
US 2-4 Collect Data to Identify local community want at community level
Users: NGO/NPO and others
​
Users understand “experiences” of socially vulnerable people and to identify barriers they face in accessing essential services, with data and through the experiences of field data collection
Users identify:
-
area with poor health and medical services.
-
poor sanitation conditions
-
areas with poor infrastructure conditions, including roads, transportation, and housing.
-
level of education accessibility in more detailed unit.
-
transportation options available to community members, as well as any mobility-related barriers that may impact their ability to access essential services.
-
financial situation of households, and access to financial services provided the government.
​
3
Amidst-disaster and post-disaster relief support
US 3-1 Engaging disaster-affected individuals
Users: LGU, PSA, NGO/NPO, DILG, NOAH, PHIVOLCS and others
​
Users initiate conversations with individuals that may be affected by disasters, so that Users access their current situation by receiving information from them in various formats such as text, picture, and location. This will enable users to better understand the type of issues/damages individuals face and formulate a plan to deliver necessary support.
​
US 3-2 Gathering comprehensive understanding of the on-ground situation
Users: LGU, NGO/NPO, DILG, NOAH, PHIVOLCS and others
​
By collecting information from individuals affected by disasters, users understand the on-ground situation more comprehensively. Based on the comprehensive understanding, users can relay relevant information to them based on their queries, such as moving to safe locations or accessing essential services. This will ensure that the affected individuals receive accurate and timely information during a disaster.
​
US 3-3 Real time Disaster Updates
Users: LGU, NGO/NPO, DILG, NOAH, PHIVOLCS and others
​
User provide real-time and more frequent updates to people that could be affected by disasters. These updates will be based on the latest and reliable information about the disaster impact and will be provided during and after the disaster. This will enable individuals to stay informed about the situation and take appropriate measures to protect themselves during and after disaster.
​
4
Transport infrastructure and users’ needs
US 4-1 Collecting data for Assessing transportation service usability and availability
Users: LGU, PSA, NGO/NPO, DILG and others
​
User timely collect information on transport mode usability and availability in a region through transport survey data and crowd sourced data by field survey app.
​
US 4-2 Collecting data for Assessing transportation infrastructure (e.g. road network) quality and quantity
Users: LGU, NGO/NPO, DILG and others
​
User timely collect information on quality and quantity of road network through mobile GPS data, satellite image analysis and crowdsource data by field survey app.
​
US 4-3 Estimating people mobility demand (current and future situation)
Users: LGU, NGO/NPO, DILG and others
​
User understand the most probable origin and destination locations(high origin destination trips) based on demand estimates with mobile GPS data, field survey and crowdsourcing data.
​
US 4-4 Identifying challenges of people for better mobility for better living, and developing interventions for better mobility services and infrastructure
Users: LGU, NGO/NPO and others
​
Users identify challenges faced by people in accessing and using mobility services for better living, such as for better job chances. This will be achieved by gathering user feedback and analyzing data on factors such as poor accessibility and infrequent services. By understanding these challenges, we can implement policies and infrastructure that better meet the needs of users and improve their experience using the transport system.
​
5
Enhancement on Education and Safety for women and children
US 5-1 Collecting data for understanding on issue around education and safety for children and women
Users: NGO/NPO and others
​
Users want to know about education and safety issues for children and women. Users may send questionnaires or communicate with SNS/chatbot about education services and safety (e.g. traffic accidents, crime).
​
US 5-2 Better understanding the result from survey and their current situation
Users: NGO/NPO and others
​
User want to know better the situation around education and safety. User visualize the result from survey and identify issue to share and discuss with local community members.(NPO, local residents, LGU members). These visualization will help the users and the local community members have better understanding and start discussion about their situation and possible interventions.
​
US 5-3 Making approach/evidence for improvement of the current situation
Users: NGO/NPO and others
​
Users want to conduct actions to better the current situations. Users use data integrated by PIVE system to have insights. User may collect evidence to make proposals to improve the current situation to LGU etc. Users and local community members may conduct lobby activity or outreach, sharing some of the visualization results.
​
PIVE datasets Outputs
Past flood damage areas and essential services map
Time series commuting OD volume from and to Quezon city Payatas.
Conclusion
The Poverty Impact and Vulnerability Estimator (PIVE) tool is a comprehensive solution that harnesses multiple extensive data sources for granular vulnerability assessment within low-income informal settlements through mapping and data analysis. The primary aim of this innovative project is to establish a robust tool for poverty monitoring and vulnerability estimation on a metropolitan scale, setting a new standard for high-resolution analysis utilizing diverse data sources.
PIVE systematically collects, quantifies, and analyzes data from an array of sources, ranging from mobile data and satellite imagery at the metropolitan scale to field survey applications and social networking service (SNS) applications (chatbots) at the community level. The tool's core purpose is to enhance the inclusiveness of urban planning and disaster relief efforts, facilitating the generation of precise data concerning impoverished and vulnerable populations. PIVE is designed to support the development of inclusive cities guided by data-informed tools and foster stakeholder participation in data-driven decision-making.
Furthermore, PIVE exhibits substantial potential for the Philippines. It can help identify disaster-prone areas, assess the accessibility of essential services, and facilitate effective communication for enhancing disaster preparedness. Additionally, PIVE is instrumental in socio-economic mapping, aligning with SDG indicators and enabling data collection at finer granularity levels. It can also be utilized for post-disaster relief support, real-time updates during disasters, and transport infrastructure assessment to cater to user needs. Lastly, the tool supports the enhancement of education and safety for women and children by collecting data and facilitating discussions for improvement.
​